ClippingKK

Extractive institutions then not only pave the way for the next regime, which will be even more extractive, but they also engender continuous infighting and civil wars. These civil wars then cause more human suffering and also destroy even what little state centralization these societies have achieved. This also often starts a process of descent into lawlessness, state failure, and political chaos, crushing all hopes of economic prosperity,

万宫嫔

Despite the recent emphasis in China on innovation and technology, Chinese growth is based on the adoption of existing technologies and rapid investment, not creative destruction. An important aspect of this is that property rights are not entirely secure in China.

蕃对帝国西北威胁这么大，皇帝想要对吐蕃用兵，张说就不断要求与吐蕃讲和。等到前线战事不利，张说干脆上表讽刺皇帝。显然，以张说为代表的贤相集团的思路很简单，不折腾就不会缺钱了。这些“忠臣”们的说辞并非毫无道理，可是从皇帝的角度来讲，这些本该纳入国库的钱进了谁的腰包呢？难道都给老百姓得到实惠了吗？实际上这些户口和土地都由各级豪强地主们掌控，他们蛀虫一般吞噬着民间的财富，帝国不仅要听之任之，还要为了保护他们的利益任边疆局势糜烂，皇帝又怎么能咽下这口气呢

我们之所以提出“零售娱乐化”，是因为我们认为不管是在当年的消费升级大背景下，还是在今天，大家都更加注重精神生活。大家都知道马斯洛需求理论，其实到最后大家都开始去更多地进行一些精神类消费。我们卖的这些产品多数情况下并没有实用功能，而是关于审美、艺术、陪伴的精神类产品，然后再加上一些娱乐化的玩法

growth under authoritarian, extractive political institutions in China, though likely to continue for a while yet, will not translate into sustained growth, supported by truly inclusive economic institutions and creative destruction.

不够了。玄宗皇帝不断开展军事行动，背后的

these conflicts would turn into bloody civil wars and would create economic ruin and unparalleled human suffering—as well as cause state failure.