ClippingKK

你会发现今天所有跟音乐相关的东西，包括唱片、演唱会，如果回到古代，大家想象不出来会有这样一个行业和这样的形态。它就是一种纯粹的精神生活，古代可能只有皇帝和贵族才能让人敲敲编钟，去看人跳跳舞，觉得这是精神上的高雅追求，但是实际上其他大多数人也有这个需求。现在大家认为音乐已经跟自己的生活分不开了，这是一种很神奇的，或者说很特别的需求，但如果回到一两百年前，多数人不理解为什么需要音乐

The currency reform was designed to punish people who used these markets and, more specifically, to make sure that they did not become too wealthy or powerful enough to threaten the regime. Keeping them poor was safer. Black markets are not the whole story. People in North Korea also keep their savings in wons because there are few banks in Korea, and they are all owned by the government. In effect, the government used the currency reform to expropriate much of people’s savings.

万宫嫔

对于他在政治上的准备和动作，我们能看到他利用“五星汇聚”“金土相代”这些谶言在汉人中造势，用祆教来拉拢粟特人，以及打出“清君侧”旗号，等等。但我们却丝毫看不到他在政治制度和行政机构方面的建设性作为。可以说，安禄山的团队更多的是一个军事集团，对于政治上该怎么做，该通过什么样的政治组织方式来消化唐帝国的基层，是没有太多准备的

着唐肃宗通过政变上台并掌握了话语权，为了增强统治的合法性，自然要突出唐玄宗决策时的昏庸，以显示自己的英明神武。有过投降记录的宦官边令诚背锅，丢失河南这一系列崩溃中的关键事实被模糊化处理，昏庸的老皇帝、奸佞的太监、无罪遭到冤杀的名将，组成了极具戏剧性的一幕场景，给后人留下了深刻印

In 1978 the regime organized a national celebration marking the fourth anniversary of the overthrow of Haile Selassie. By this time Mengistu was the unchallenged leader of the Derg. As his residence, the place from where he would rule Ethiopia, he had chosen Selassie’s Grand Palace, left unoccupied since the monarchy was abolished. At the celebration, he sat on a gilded armchair, just like the emperors of old, watching the parade. Official functions were now held once again at the Grand Palace, with Mengistu sitting on Haile Selassie’s old throne. Mengistu started to compare himself to Emperor Tewodros, who had refounded the Solomonic Dynasty in the mid-nineteenth century after a period of decline.

大纳税人口的主要手段便是清理隐户，与门阀士族争夺人口。门阀士族通过各种合法或不合法的资源整合，形成一个个巨大的庄园。这些庄园拥有数以十万亩计的海量土地，足以养活数万甚至更多的佃农。由于生产力不够发达，商业发展不够，普通佃农无法脱离庄园生活，因此他们就会和庄园主形成较强的人身依附关系。对于这些失去土地的佃农来说，他们不仅自己依附于庄园主，他们的家庭和后代也都世世代代依附于庄园主。他们平时是为庄园主进行生产的农奴，战时还为庄园主提供兵

One other actor, or set of actors, can play a transformative role in the process of empowerment: the media. Empowerment of society at large is difficult to coordinate and maintain without widespread information about whether there are economic and political abuses by those in power.