ClippingKK

着唐肃宗通过政变上台并掌握了话语权，为了增强统治的合法性，自然要突出唐玄宗决策时的昏庸，以显示自己的英明神武。有过投降记录的宦官边令诚背锅，丢失河南这一系列崩溃中的关键事实被模糊化处理，昏庸的老皇帝、奸佞的太监、无罪遭到冤杀的名将，组成了极具戏剧性的一幕场景，给后人留下了深刻印

inclusive political institutions support and are supported by inclusive economic institutions. This creates another mechanism of the virtuous circle. Inclusive economic institutions remove the most egregious extractive economic relations, such as slavery and serfdom, reduce the importance of monopolies, and create a dynamic economy, all of which reduces the economic benefits that one can secure, at least in the short run, by usurping political power.

这个梯形的短边区域才是真正决战之地，自然也不存在这种所谓燕军“诱敌”、唐军轻敌的事实。我国古代写史文人对军事细节往往缺乏了解，才会在整理史料中得出如此结论

Nevertheless, once in place, inclusive economic and political institutions tend to create a virtuous circle, a process of positive feedback, making it more likely that these institutions will persist and even expand.

Convicts were the only labor force, and the only way to incentivize them was to pay them wages for the work they were doing.

可惜政治舆论向来就不讲究逻辑，而是看哪边发声的人更多，声音更响亮。大家之所以攻击杨国忠，不过是因为不敢明目张胆直接攻击皇帝，于是选择借攻击皇帝的代理人，来隐晦表达对皇帝一手布置的当前政治格局的强烈不满

the German sociologist Robert Michels called it the iron law of oligarchy. The internal logic of oligarchies, and in fact of all hierarchical organizations, is that, argued Michels, they will reproduce themselves not only when the same group is in power, but even when an entirely new group takes control. What Michels did not anticipate perhaps was an echo of Karl Marx’s remark that history repeats itself—the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce.

所以，我认为团队是我们的一个竞争力。这个集体带来了一种意志和文化，这种意志和文化造就了我们拒绝诱惑、践行长期主义，以及更加专注地去做我们认为有价值的、商业和艺术平衡的、我们擅长和喜爱的事情