义和团运动的起源 · highlighted by AnnatarHe

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周锡瑞

清军入关的破坏程度可与元人相比,如果算上明清之际无数小规模暴乱所引起的困扰,就更是如此了。在清廷的苛政实施之前,该地区大部分城市曾多次落入起义军手中,经过战争劫掠,天灾加上人祸,幸存者已寥寥无几了。(61) 如果纳税记录可信的话,那么有些县丧失了80%的人口,2/3的土地荒芜

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